. An IP Address consists of two parts namely network ID and host ID.
. Subnet Mask is what tells what portion of IP Address is used to represent network and what part is for host.
. Type in ipconfig in the command prompt and we can see the device's IP Address and Subnet Mask.
. Most of the home networks have Subnet Masks 255.255.255.0
. Subnet Mask is what tells what portion of IP Address is used to represent network and what part is for host.
. Type in ipconfig in the command prompt and we can see the device's IP Address and Subnet Mask.
. Most of the home networks have Subnet Masks 255.255.255.0
Subnetting:
. It is process of breaking a single network into multiple subnetworks.
. It is used to limit the traffic in the network.
. Advantage of subnetting is that it reduces complexity to manage large number of addresses in a network.
. Subnetting is done by network administrators.
Default Subnet Masks:
. Class A: 255.0.0.0
. Class B: 255.255.0.0
. Class C: 255.255.255.0
Determining Network and Host portions of IP using Subnet Mask:
. Consider IP Address 192.168.0.146
. Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0
. Convert both addresses into binary and perform AND on them.
. 1's in the subnet mask indicates corresponding bits in IP Address is Network ID.
. 0's in the subnet mask indicates corresponding bits in IP Address is Host ID.
. This means that, 192.168.0 is Network ID and last portion indicates it is for Hosts in the network.
Determining number of Hosts from Subnet Mask:
. Calculate number of zeros in subnet mask. Lets say it x.
. Perform (2^x)-2.
. We are subtracting 2 addresses because the first ip address is reserved for network address and the last is for broadcast address.