. A type of circuit that has two states (0 or 1).
. Formed using logic gates which in turn made of transistors.
. Basic building blocks in memory of electronic devices.
. First flip-flop was built by William Eccles, F.W. Jordan in 1918.
1.S-R Flip-Flop
2. D Flip-Flop
3. J-K Flip-Flop
4. T Flip-Flop:
. Computers and calculators use flip-flops for their memory.
. Used in Registers for data storage. . Used in Counters to count events.
. JK flip-flip with both inputs 1 can be used as Frequency divider as follows:
. Used by CPU for performing operations.
. 64 bit processor has 64 bit register size.
. When we give any instruction to computer, it is first stored in registers.
. After processing, it is stored in register and we get output.
. Types of registers:
. Formed using logic gates which in turn made of transistors.
. Basic building blocks in memory of electronic devices.
. First flip-flop was built by William Eccles, F.W. Jordan in 1918.
Logic gates:
. Electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only one output.
. Relation between input and output is based on some logic.
. Types of logic gates: OR, AND, NOR, NAND, NOT, XOR, XNOR.
Types of Flip-Flops:
. Flip-Flops are divided into SR (Set- Reset), D (data or delay), T (toggle) and JK.
. Depending on characteristics of each flip-flop, they can be used in various applications.
1.S-R Flip-Flop
2. D Flip-Flop
3. J-K Flip-Flop
4. T Flip-Flop:
Use of Flip-Flops:
. Each flip-flop store one bit of data.. Used in Registers for data storage. . Used in Counters to count events.
. JK flip-flip with both inputs 1 can be used as Frequency divider as follows:
Registers:
. Used to store data.
. Formed by flipflops.
. Each flipflop store 1 bit, so by cascading n flipflops, we can store n bits of information which is called n-bit register.
. Used by CPU for performing operations.
. 64 bit processor has 64 bit register size.
. When we give any instruction to computer, it is first stored in registers.
. After processing, it is stored in register and we get output.
. Types of registers:
| Register | Description |
|---|---|
| Memory Address Register | Holds address of memory where CPU wants to read or write. |
| Memory Data Register | It acts like buffer and holds anything for process to use it. |
| Accumulator | For storing results produced by system. |
| Program Counter | Holds address of next instruction to be performed. |
| Data Register | Used to store data transmitted to or from peripheral devices. |
| Instruction Register | If any instruction is fetched, it is stored here. |